During the day, the solar panel receives solar radiant energy. By using the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor materials, it converts the energy into electrical energy for output. The electrical energy is then stored in the battery through a charge – discharge controller. At night, when the illuminance drops to a certain level and the charge – discharge controller detects it, the battery discharges to the lamp head to achieve illumination.
- Solar Cell Module: Usually made of monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon materials, it is the core component that converts solar energy into electrical energy. Its quality and efficiency directly affect the performance and battery life of the lamp.
- LED Lamp: It has advantages such as high luminous efficiency, long lifespan, and low energy consumption. It can convert electrical energy into light energy, providing bright illumination, and there are various colors and brightness levels to choose from.
- Control Box: It contains components such as a charger, a controller, and a battery. The charger is used to charge the battery with the electrical energy generated by the solar panel. The controller is responsible for controlling the working state of the entire system. For example, it provides over – charge protection and over – discharge protection for the battery, and may also have functions such as light control, time control, and human body induction. The battery is used to store electrical energy. Generally, it is a lead – acid battery, and in small – scale systems, nickel – metal hydride batteries, nickel – cadmium batteries, or lithium – ion batteries can also be used.
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